South Portland

South Portland South Portland, port city (1990 pop. 23,163), Cumberland co., SW Maine, on the Fore River and Casco Bay, part of the Portland metropolitan area; separated from Falmouth (now Portland) as part of the town of Cape Elizabeth 1765, separated from Cape Elizabeth and inc. 1898. Ships have been built there since the 17th cent., and together with neighboring Portland it forms the Port of Portland. The city, which is eastern terminus of the Portland-Montreal oil pipeline, is an important East Coast oil port. South Portland produces varied light manufactures and is a wholesale and retail trade center. There is an international airport (located in both Portland and South Portland). The area was settled c.1633. Fort Preble (now Fort Williams) was built in Cape Elizabeth before the War of 1812. Portland Head Light, near the fort in Cape Elizabeth, is the oldest lighthouse (1791) on the Maine coast. The Univ. of Southern Maine is there. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Domestic And International Risks Associated With Terrorism...

1 - What are 3 resources available to the port FSO in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations? There are several resources available to the port Facility Security Officer (FSO) in assessing domestic and international risks associated with terrorism and other criminal activity threats posed to port maritime operations. There are also several things to keep in mind as the FSO when trying to assess these risks. The FSO needs to build rapport with all law enforcement agencies, government agencies, stakeholders and all private security entities within the port. A collaboration of efforts is important in order to mitigate the risks associated with terrorism and criminal activity threats. The FSO needs to utilize risk management process to its full potential and in order to create an effective port facility security plan. Intelligence collection and information sharing is paramount and should be the basis or foundation that the risk assessment and port facility security plan is based off of. Once this information has been gathered it is critical that this information is shared with law enforcement agencies, government agencies, stakeholders and all private security entities within the port. The more people that know the threat the better off the security with in the port will be. It is important for the FSO to understand that intelligence changes day to day and sometime hours toShow MoreRelatedThe Human Rights Act and Anti-Terrorism in the Uk: One Great Leap Forward by Parliament, but Are the Courts Able to Slow the Steady Retreat That Has Followed?17827 Words   |  72 PagesAct and anti-terrorism in the UK: one great leap forward by Parliament, but are the courts able to slow the steady retreat that has followed? David McKeever Subject: Human rights. Other related subjects: Administrative law. Criminal law Keywords: Administrative law; Freedom of expression; Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Terrorism; Torture Legislation: Human Rights Act 1998 Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 Terrorism Act 2006 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Terrorism Act 2000 EuropeanRead MoreThe Human Rights Act and Anti-Terrorism in the Uk: One Great Leap Forward by Parliament, but Are the Courts Able to Slow the Steady Retreat That Has Followed?17817 Words   |  72 PagesAct and anti-terrorism in the UK: one great leap forward by Parliament, but are the courts able to slow the steady retreat that has followed? David McKeever Subject: Human rights. Other related subjects: Administrative law. Criminal law Keywords: Administrative law; Freedom of expression; Inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment; Terrorism; Torture Legislation: Human Rights Act 1998 Counter-Terrorism Act 2008 Terrorism Act 2006 Anti-terrorism, Crime and Security Act 2001 Terrorism Act 2000 EuropeanRead MoreTerrorism in Southeast Asia17760 Words   |  72 PagesTerrorism in Southeast Asia Bruce Vaughn, Coordinator Specialist in Asian Affairs Emma Chanlett-Avery Specialist in Asian Affairs Ben Dolven Section Research Manager Mark E. Manyin Specialist in Asian Affairs Michael F. Martin Analyst in Asian Trade and Finance Larry A. Niksch Specialist in Asian Affairs October 16, 2009 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RL34194 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Terrorism in SoutheastRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesof the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed: A Political Autobiography Allida M. Black, ed., Modern American Queer History Eric Sandweiss, St. Louis: The Evolution of an American Urban Landscape Sam Wineburg, Historical Thinking and Other Unnatural Acts: Charting the Future of Teaching the Past Sharon Hartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack MetzgarRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesMotivating Knowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and

Geochemical Proxy Based Reconstruction The Trace...

Geochemical proxy-based reconstruction widely utilizes the trace elemental and isotopic compositions of marine biogenic carbonates to interpret the past climatic and oceanographic conditions. However, such proxy-based reconstructions are often challenged by marine diagenesis as carbonates are highly susceptible to diagenesis, especially partial dissolution and secondary calcite recrystallization. Thus quantifying diagenetic effect is a prerequisite for development of any carbonate-based geochemical proxy. Among the metal isotopes, Mg isotopic composition (ÃŽ ´26Mg) of foraminiferal carbonates is a promising proxy to reconstruct the secular seawater ÃŽ ´26Mg variability, which is useful in understanding long-term changes in Mg geochemical cycle. However, as the trace metals like Mg in marine carbonates show greater susceptibility to diagenetic alterations due to its low abundance as compared to that in the co-existing pore fluids, development ÃŽ ´26Mg of marine carbonates as a geochem ical proxy critically requires a thorough understanding of the fractionation behaviors of Mg isotopes during diagenesis. Therefore, the primary goal of this dissertation is to quantify the effect of diagenesis on metal isotopes, in particularly, ÃŽ ´26Mg of marine carbonates from various depositional settings to evaluate the effect of advection, diffusion and lithological variation within the sedimentary column on the extent of calcite diagenesis. For this purpose, trace elemental (e.g., Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca) andShow MoreRelatedResearch Report On Marine Calcareous Microfossils1172 Words   |  5 PagesMarine calcareous microfossils are extensively utilized as geochemical proxy-archives. Among the traditional isotope proxies, ÃŽ ´18O and ÃŽ ´13C of foraminiferal tests are used as geochemical tools to determine numerous paleoceanographic parameters, such as, paleo-temperature, sea-ice volume, paleo-sea level, variation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the seawater, paleo-productivit y and ocean circulation pattern (Urey et al., 1951; Epstein et al., 1953; Emiliani, 1954; Boyle and Keigwin, 1985;

Mandatory Drug Tests for Welfare Recipients Free Essays

Should welfare recipients be drug tested? We have many different opinions about this subject. The problem is that people are receiving free money from the government and purchasing unnecessary or illegal products. Is that fair to people who work hard to earn their money and pay the taxes to support these addictions? No, it’s not fair. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandatory Drug Tests for Welfare Recipients or any similar topic only for you Order Now The money should go straight to support the individuals’ families until they can support themselves without the help of the government. People who can afford to buy drugs don’t need help from the government. Welfare should be used for its purpose only. Without drug testing people who receive the benefit, the government has no knowledge of how the money from welfare is being used. Drug tests would solve the misusing of the welfare money, and help keep recipients clean so they can keep a job and they can take care of their family with their own earned money. Why is there welfare? Some people run into difficulties in their lives where they may need some time of assistance; in these cases, welfare comes into place. Welfare is meant to help people who really need it. As the saying goes, â€Å"Bad things happen to good people,† and when people can’t afford to put food on their table or can’t afford a home to live in, welfare takes action and helps them. Welfare exists to make sure people can get back on their feet, and that’s what welfare checks should be used for and only for. People on welfare should be using that money effectively and meanwhile they should be looking for a job so they can afford their home and food and at one point get out of the welfare system. People are not supposed to lay back and pretend that their welfare check is their salary and use these funds for whatever they want (Welfare Information). But it happens. Unfortunately, welfare has become a way of life for a lot of people in the US. They sit around waiting for their next check with no intention of looking for a job or to improve their lives in anyway (Krannebitter). Therefore welfare is creating dependable people who don’t care to get out of their couch to make a better living for themselves. The worst part is that a lot of the people on welfare also use the money that come from the pocket of people who get up early in the morning to work almost every day, to buy drugs. If people are struggling to pay rent or to get food for their family, how are they having enough to buy drugs? What happens is that a lot of the times adults take the money that they are supposed to buy clothing, food, school materials for their kids and instead use it to buy drugs. That is not air to people in the work force because we are basically funding their drug addictions, and it’s definitely not fair to their kids, because that money is supposed to help them live a better childhood (â€Å"Welfare Misuse and Drugs†). So what can we do to prevent welfare money going to drugs? We should consider drug testing welfare recipients. By doing so, we would make sure that every person who receives the help from the government is clean and are using the money efficiently. Also it would make sure they are not losing jobs because of their addictions. People who are against drug testing welfare recipients always say that the 4th amendment make the drug testing unconstitutional. People who don’t know what the 4th amendment is all about, it basically states that the U. S. constitution protects people from unreasonable search (Fourth Amendment). So how come the 4th amendment doesn’t protect me from being drug tested for a job? I’m willing to work and earn my money and to do so I undergo through a drug test every so often, so how come the people who are in the welfare system, who by the way receives the money from the taxes I pay from my paycheck, for free, should not be tested? It’s just common sense. The drug testing would encourage people to stop using drugs and use the money in a more productive way, and as a result of that, improving their lives. Welfare money is not always used for its purpose. With that in mind, the government should come up with a solution to solve this problem who is taking money away from people who really need the system. That solution is called drug testing. Drug tests should be a part of the application for welfare and it should happen also during the period when the person is getting help from the government, as people get tested to keep their job. Drug test would not only make sure that the welfare money is used properly, it would also make sure the recipients are clean and therefore can be more productive for their families and our society. How to cite Mandatory Drug Tests for Welfare Recipients, Papers

Policy Responses during the Great Recession

Introduction The great recession of 2008 led to monetary and fiscal policy responses to end the recession and prevent similar occurrences. Many policy responses were unconventional at the time of their proposal and enactment. They gained popularity because of the need for a solution in the shortest time possible.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Policy Responses during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More After implementing the policies, countries and particular sectors of an economy would face inflation and GDP growth problems, while others that were favored by the policies would enjoy better circumstances of the same parameters. The events that contributed to the occurrence of the great recession included inadequate monetary controls, global misconceptions, laxity in regulation, and misunderstanding of risk. The impact of policy on recovery was diverse on the direct channels, transmission ch annels, and vulnerabilities of economic sectors to the recession and subsequent policy changes (Verick and Islam 2). Demand and supply numbers in any sector have a significant role to play in policy responses of governments. At the same time, interested parties in governments’ reaction to a recession have to rely on the available microeconomic data to initiate programs and advise governments accordingly. The United Nations, as an example, relied on the microeconomic data of several countries affected by the great recession to come up with new policy guidelines for high-income and low-income countries. It measured the impact of policies on the increase in demand for labor. The UN used this as a means of verifying the overall impact of various policy interventions.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stimulus package as a policy response, its motivations, and effects T he most common policy response by countries was to create a stimulus package that would target the most affected sectors of the economy. Stimulus packages involved the release of funding by the government to act as cheap credit and stimulate demand for products and services in a particular sector so that there would be enough reasons to increase supply. With the rise of the sectors out of the recession, economies would be able to return to their normal functioning as employment rates would improve, and people would find full employment and stop being in underemployment. Increased demand would also increase government taxation base to provide funds for managing fiscal and monetary policies of the affected countries. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is a super-national organization under the United Nations. It has been monitoring the effects of stimulus packages around the world. It advised governments on the effectiveness of the policy responses towards the significant r ecession. The organization provided various research reports used by Verick and Islam in evaluating policy responses by countries (34-38). According to a report by the United Nations, global rebalancing after the great recession is taking place at the expense of the growth of economies (xv). The report argues that the effects of policy responses have been welcomed as solutions to the great recession, but they have also created an economic growth problem.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Policy Responses during the Great Recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Citing the United States as an example, the document shows that the current growth in the domestic savings rate is due to structural adjustments created by stimulus package policies. However, in the same country, the government has increased its deficit and businesses have shrunk their investment rate significantly, which shows that the current econo mic growth can only last for a short while before succumbing to structural problems that will lead the country back to a recession. The country will then recover as the government and businesses adjust. The report explains that policy responses in many countries only pave the way for a cyclic imbalance in the economy (United Nations xv). Governments around the world responded to the great recession by initiating policies that boosted domestic consumption. China created monetary policies that increased the available money supply to consumers in an effort to spur domestic demand and reduce reliance on the export market. Japan initiated similar responses, while the appreciation of its currency created an automatic buffer against increased consumption of imports. Nevertheless, the United Nations cautions against the imbalances in the global arena, which threaten the global exchange rate stability. The global trade volume among countries withers with every country seeking to boost domest ic consumption and limit dependence on exports. This affects the robustness of the market-based exchange rate equilibrium negatively. An increase in global transactions is supposed to increase the reliability of the exchange rates as demand and supply match. However, specific country policies only increase imbalances in the demand or supply of global currencies and skews the exchange-rate equilibrium unfavorably (United Nations xvi).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As measured in 2008 in 48 countries, the UNDP confirmed that stimulus packages accounted for 3.9 percent of the global gross domestic product (GDP). It also accounted for 4.8 percent of national GDPs of 20 out of the 48 countries, which are developing countries. The clearest beneficiary of the stimulus packages in developing countries was social services. One major aim of policy response in the countries was to provide social protection. Therefore, the stimulus package expenditures helped to meet the goal. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), as reported by Verick and Islam, the critical areas of stimulus packages intervention were stimulating job demand and supporting jobs, job seekers, and the unemployed (36). Others were expanding social protection for food security and the use of social dialogue to protect the right to work. The findings of the super-national organization were that some policy interventions were more popular than others. While support goes ma inly to the small and medium enterprises for their role in providing jobs and stimulating GDP growth, there is less than adequate focus on the employed who need an income boost and job protection due to their vulnerability to the effects of the great recession (Verick and Islam 36). Many policy responses in developing countries have been sector-specific and touching on businesses and public expenditure. Few policies touch on particularly vulnerable groups like youth, migrant workers, and public sector employees, as well as the informal economy workers. As a result, the policy effects stimulate economic growth, but they do not immediately affect the most vulnerable groups. This creates an illusion of governments failing to do everything that is required to protect the welfare of the citizens. It also explains some of the dissatisfaction with governments, as expressed through strikes in developing countries and different groups of employees demanded wage increases or reduction in the cost of living. At the time of the great recession, many central banks introduced new credit facilities to ensure that their countries’ financial sectors had sufficient access to liquidity. Central banks continued to increase their balance sheets from 2009 onwards, as they bought more assets from financial institutions to provide them with sufficient liquidity. However, their approach was gradual, unlike the immediate response during the 2008 financial crisis (Carvalho, Eusepi and Grisse 4). An analysis of many stimulus packages by governments does not differentiate between tax cuts and public expenditure. In the first case, the government provides more funds to businesses and individuals by reducing their tax obligations. In the second part, governments increase their expenditure in the economy to stimulate economic activity, mainly the demand for goods and services (Carvalho, Eusepi and Grisse 5). The adoption of monetary and fiscal policies by authorities in response to th e great recession was mainly endogenous. Decisions relied on external expectations on central banks to stabilize financial markets and the economies of their respective countries (Carvalho, Eusepi and Grisse 6). The external sources of expectations included the banks and non-governmental organization concerned with policy advice and implementation at the national level. At the same time, stabilization efforts were aimed at influencing microeconomic circumstances facing individuals in an economy, such as the availability of employment and demand for goods and services (Verick and Islam 40). The United Nations notes that currency challenges are the biggest threat to policy implementations in developing countries (xvi). They can derail the outcome of the policy and cause the country’s exports to remain uncompetitive. Dependence on global trade also comes as a disadvantage because other countries limit their imports as part of their responses to the great recession. On the other hand, developed countries have to grapple with the unwillingness of policymakers to go for structural choices that create permanent shifts and use unpopular options. Instead, they are likely to succumb to pressure from the electorate and financial lobby groups to create short-term policy changes that favor existing conditions and spell doom for the future. After being bailed out by their more capable neighbors, countries in Europe are likely to enter into austerity periods where they avoid too much expenditure. This can lead to reduced overall economic activity and increase the burden of government provision of social services. However, governments at the same time face resistance from the public on any action meant to raise revenues through increased taxation. The United Nations calls for a pervasive and well-coordinated global plan for dealing with the effects of the great recession. It calls for an increase in short-term fiscal stimulus programs by countries most affected by the great recession. The main reason for the support of the additional economic stimulus packages that rely on taxation policies of governments is that there are weak private demand and high unemployment rates. F or developing countries, the situation is different as their main concern is to prevent a rise in food prices and handle volatility in commodity prices and exchange-rate stability (United Nations xviii). Unfortunately, with the current response model, the only global coordination among countries in their policy responses is discussions in global forums. There is no tangible coordinated action among countries. Instead, every country goes on to implement its stimulus package, according to the domestic needs. The reliance on domestic conditions affects the global balance of trade and policy and causes additional problems for countries in their exchange rates. Therefore, the United Nations wants countries to look beyond their domestic problems of unemployment and keep commodity pri ces low. Countries should work with other countries or blocs to have a better exchange rate stability that will allow them to achieve their domestic goals (United Nations xix). Meanwhile, Verick and Islam (42) explain that it is difficult for developing nations to rely on the trickle-down benefits of policies implemented by the G20 countries. The systematically coordinated fiscal responses by developed nations will not create quick effects on the global scene to allow developing countries to reach their recovery goals fast. The developing countries still have to grapple with their lack of social protection structures that can ensure the unemployed and the poor do not remain susceptible to the enormous costs of the global recession. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) shows that responses to the great recession involved a mix of tax cuts and spending in the global nine largest economies. Even though the size of the stimulus package was large, it was not enough to offset economy out put gaps caused by the recession. Another finding was that delay in implementing the policies led to reduced chances of closing the jobs gap created by the recession (IMF 3-5). Specific interventions in high-income countries on sustaining high employment levels in their economies were as follows. The first intervention was to provide training for the people threatened by layoffs and those who are unemployed. The other solution was work sharing, while the third intervention was to increase public employment services. They included job search assistance and job/wage subsidies. Most countries did not implement public work programs because their labor markets were less responsive to such interventions, as they relied more on private enterprise participation. This made the other interventions more popular (Verick and Islam 44). Unfortunately, only countries that enjoy the high-income status also have the highest ability to implement labor relevant policies. As incomes decline, the financ ial constraints for implementing such policies also set in. As a result, many low and middle-income countries can only rely on training as a policy response to ensure that a large number of citizens remains employable, in addition to reducing economy-wide effects of the recession. In countries that were most affected by the great recession, firms that were most affected tended to participate most in lobbying for the inclusion of favorable provisions in their countries’ stimulus packages. According to the research by Adelino and Dinc, the effect of lobbying for the implementation of stimulus packages was skewed in favor of the most active firms in the lobbying process (257). The effect of this was that the stimulus package implementation in some sectors did not provide full recovery of all firms; instead, it created competitive advantages for some firms over others. Supporting evidence on the effect of lobbying and allocation of support in stimulus package came from Adelino an d Dinc, who showed that the allocation of stimulus funds was correlated to stale-level economic distress, but weakly (258). Instead, it strongly associated with congressional politics. Therefore, non-financial institutions that were the most active in lobbying the US Congress for assistance got the most out of the stimulus packages in the United States. The goal of the Stimulus Act of 2009 in the United States was to increase federal investments so that there would be a subsequent decrease in overall unemployment in the country. However, the differing effects of the recession on some sectors of the US economy and the predominance of the sectors in some states more than others also ensured that there was skewed application of the stimulus package (Adelino and Dinc 264-265). Other than lobbying, in any country, firms can appoint politically connected directors or increase their campaign contributions for a political party that wins elections and provides favorable treatment to the fir m or the sector (Adelino and Dinc 270). Supplying credit was a major intention of the various stimulus packages developed by states. In the classical economics sense, an increase in credit does not influence asset prices. According to Mian and Sufi, the great depression was caused by an outside shift in the supply of credit from 2002 to 2006 (55). The main reason for the outside shift was the global imbalance in savings. There were also subsidies for mortgages through government home ownership initiatives. At the same time, the research by Mian and Sufi showed that companies in the US mortgage industry increased their campaign contributions significantly (55). The contribution likely affected voting behavior in the Congress. In relation to that, representatives from the most affected constituencies voted for various bailouts for companies in the mortgage and financial industry. This finding increased support for the claim that microeconomic indicators played a role in influencing de cisions on the distribution of economic stimulus packages. However, the participation of firms and political leadership in decision-making affected the reliance on economic fundamentals in allocating funds and intervention measures. The availability of microeconomic data on many economic sectors helped to shape the stimulus package in many countries. Governments could pinpoint the expected responses of industry and firms when allocating assistance. For example, employment numbers in small and medium enterprises in a particular economic sector could tell the severity of the recession on the sector and the opportunity of recovery presented by a particular intervention. In such cases, increasing training or providing job sharing opportunities could work based on data showing consumer spending, borrowing, and repayment burdens. Conclusion The highlights of this paper are that the governments that were affected most by the great recession responded to domestic circumstances before evalua ting the existing options in a globally coordinated policy response. There was a big difference in the response approaches adopted by the high-income countries compared to those taken by the low-income countries. For instance, most of the economic activities in high-income countries are formal. It was easy for governments to collect relevant data about employment and causes of employment or unemployment rate fluctuations. An increase in unemployment was caused by reducing demand for labor, which arose out of reduced demand for goods and services. Thus, a cyclic relationship existed in the microeconomic conditions affecting economic performance. Focusing on one aspect without taking measures to control other economic conditions creates short-term solutions and long-term systematic problems. Based on analysis and advice from various super-national organizations, a globalized outlook is important, even when responding to domestic economic problems. For example, the global effect of tra de on the world currency exchange affects the affordability of goods and services in an import-reliant country. This goes on to affect demand for capital or labor as substitutes in the production process. Thus, when a country is seeking to increase demand for in a particular sector, it has to consider the ongoing dynamics of its economic policies and those of other countries. Lastly, this paper shows that domestic policy interventions after the great recession depended on the amount of the supply and demand for their goods and services in various sectors, which also affected their demand and eventual allocation of funds from economic stimulus packages. Works Cited Adelino, Manuel, and I. Serdar Dinc. â€Å"Corporate Distress and Lobbying: Evidence from the Stimulus Act.† Journal of Financial Economics 114.2 (2014): 256-272. Print. Carvalho, Carlos, Stefano Eusepi, and Christian Grisse. â€Å"Policy Initiatives in the Global Recession: What Did Forecasters Expect?† Fede ral Reserve Bank of New York: Current Issues in Economy and Finance 18.2 (2012): 1-11. Print. IMF. The Size of the Fiscal Expansions: An Analysis of the Largest Countries. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, 2009. Web. Mian, Atif, and Amir Sufi. â€Å"The Great Recession: Lessons from Microeconomic Data.† American Economic Review 100.2 (2010): 51-56. Print. United Nations. World Economic Situations and Prospects 2012. New York, NY: United Nations, 2012. Web. Verick, Sher, and Iyanatul Islam. The Great Recession of 2008-2009: Causes, Consequences and Policy Responses. Discussion Paper. Bonn: Institute for the Study of Labor, Germany, 2010. Web. This term paper on Policy Responses during the Great Recession was written and submitted by user Korath to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

black panthers essays

black panthers essays Bobby Seale was one of the co-founders of the Black Panther Party. He was born on October 22, 1939 in Dallas Texas. By the time Bobby was ten his family moved to Oakland, California where he would have a rough childhood. Seales family was very poor so this only added to his dire childhood. Bobby eventually dropped out of high school and at 18 he was indicted into the Air Force. He was immediately sent to Amarillo, Texas to receive training as an aircraft sheet-metal mechanic. He soon graduated from the Technical School Class of Air Force training with honors. After that, he was moved to Rapid City, South Dakota at Ellsworth Air Force Base. Bobby served here for three and a half years and left with the rank of corporal. After he left the Air Force he enrolled at Merrit College in Oakland where he intended to study engineering. Bobby first became interested in 1962 when he first heard Malcolm-X speak. During his enrollment at the University, he joined the Afro-American Association (AAA) which was an organization formed by young African-Americans in Oakland to try to confront the problems faced by the black community. This was an organization that tried to confront the problem faced by the black community. Seale got interested very quickly and was inspired by such people as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. du Bois. Another member of the AAA named Huey Newton had very similar beliefs as Bobby. Soon Bobby became one of the many black activists who broke away from the traditional non-violent protests to preach a doctrine of militant black empowerment. Bobby and Huey became very close friends and in 1966 formed the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense. Bobby Seale is still alive today and is no longer involved in violent protests. He is running his own web site that tells of his adventures and why he did everything he did in his earlier years. Huey Percy Newton was the other major co-f ...

Biography of Norma McCorvey, Roe in Roe v. Wade

Biography of Norma McCorvey, 'Roe' in Roe v. Wade Norma McCorvey (September 22, 1947–February 18, 2017) was a young pregnant woman in Texas in 1970 without the means or funds to have an abortion. She became the plaintiff known as Jane Roe in Roe v. Wade, which was decided in 1973 and became one of the most famous Supreme Court decisions of the 20th century. McCorveys identity was hidden for another decade but, during the 1980s, the public learned about the plaintiff whose lawsuit struck down most abortion laws in the United States. In 1995, McCorvey made news again when she declared she had changed to a pro-life stance, with newfound Christian beliefs. Fast Facts: Norma McCorvey Known For: She was Roe in the famous Supreme Court abortion case Roe. v. Wade.Also Known As: Norma Leah Nelson, Jane RoeBorn: Sept. 22, 1947 in Simmesport, LouisianaParents: Mary and Olin NelsonDied: Feb. 18, 2017 in Katy, TexasPublished Works: I Am Roe (1994), Won by Love (1997)Spouse: Elwood McCorvey (m.  1963–1965)Children: Melissa (Nothing is publicly known of the two children McCorvey gave up for adoption.)Notable Quote: â€Å"I wasn’t the wrong person to become Jane Roe. I wasn’t the right person to become Jane Roe. I was just the person who became Jane Roe, of Roe v. Wade. And my life story, warts and all, was a little piece of history.† Early Years McCorvey was born on Sept. 22, 1947, as Norma Nelson to Mary and Olin Nelson. McCorvey ran away from home at one point and, after returning, was sent to reform school. After the family moved to Houston, her parents divorced when she was 13. McCorvey suffered abuse, met and married Elwood McCorvey at age 16, and left Texas for California. When she returned, pregnant and frightened, her mother took her baby to raise. McCorveys second child was raised by the father of the baby with no contact from her. McCorvey initially said that her third pregnancy, the one in question at the time of Roe v. Wade, was the result of rape, but years later she said she had invented the rape story in an attempt to make a stronger case for an abortion. The rape story was of little consequence to her lawyers because they wanted to establish a right to abortion for all women, not just those who had been raped. Roe v. Wade Roe v. Wade was filed in Texas in March 1970 on behalf of the named plaintiff and all women similarly situated, typical wording for a class-action lawsuit. Jane Roe was the lead plaintiff of the class. Because of the time it took for the case to make its way through the courts, the decision did not come in time for McCorvey to have an abortion. She gave birth to her child, whom she put up for adoption. Sarah Weddington and Linda Coffee were the Roe v. Wade plaintiffs lawyers. They were looking for a woman who wanted an abortion but did not have the means to obtain one. An adoption attorney introduced the lawyers to McCorvey. They needed a plaintiff who would remain pregnant without traveling to another state or country where abortion was legal because they feared that if their plaintiff obtained an abortion outside of Texas, her case could be rendered moot and dropped. At various times, McCorvey has clarified that she did not consider herself an unwilling participant in the Roe v. Wade lawsuit. However, she felt that feminist activists treated her with disdain because she was a poor, blue-collar, drug-abusing woman instead of a polished, educated feminist. Activist Work After McCorvey revealed that she was Jane Roe, she encountered harassment and violence. People in Texas yelled at her in grocery stores and shot at her house. She aligned herself with the pro-choice movement, even speaking at the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C., She worked at several clinics where abortions were provided. In 1994, she wrote a book, with a ghostwriter, called I am Roe: My Life, Roe v. Wade, and Freedom of Choice. The Conversion In 1995, McCorvey was working at a clinic in Dallas when Operation Rescue moved in next door. She allegedly struck up a friendship over cigarettes with Operation Rescue preacher Philip Flip Benham. McCorvey said that Benham talked to her regularly and was kind to her. She became friends with him, attended church, and was baptized. She surprised the world by appearing on national television to say that she now believed abortion was wrong. McCorvey had been in a lesbian relationship for years, but she eventually denounced lesbianism as well after her conversion to Christianity. Within a few years of her first book, McCorvey wrote a second book, Won by Love: Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade, Speaks Out for the Unborn as She Shares Her New Conviction for Life. Later Years and Death In her later years, McCorvey was nearly homeless, relying on â€Å"free room and board from strangers, says Joshua Prager, who wrote an extensive story about her published in Vanity Fair in February 2013. McCorvey eventually ended up in an assisted-living facility in Katy, Texas, where she died of heart failure on Feb. 17, 2017, at age 69, according to Prager, who was working on a book about her at the time of her death. Legacy Since the Roe v. Wade ruling, about 50 million legal abortions have been performed in the United States, although later court decisions and new state and federal laws have imposed restrictions, and abortions have declined with the wide use of contraceptives, according to McCorveys obituary published in The New York Times. Many of those who oppose abortions have called the Roe v. Wade lawyers immoral, saying that they took advantage of McCorvey. In fact, if she had not been Roe, someone else would likely have been the plaintiff. Feminists across the nation were working for abortion rights at the time. Perhaps something McCorvey herself said in a 1989 New York Times article best sums up her legacy: More and more, Im the issue. I dont know if I should be the issue. Abortion is the issue. I never even had an abortion. Sources Hersher, Rebecca. â€Å"Norma McCorvey Of Roe v. Wade Embodied The Complexity Of American Abortion Debate.†Ã‚  NPR, 18 Feb. 2017.Langer, Emily. â€Å"Norma McCorvey, Jane Roe of Roe v. Wade Decision Legalizing Abortion Nationwide, Dies at 69.†Ã‚  The Washington Post, 18 Feb. 2017.McFadden, Robert. â€Å"Norma McCorvey, Roe in Roe v. Wade, Is Dead at 69.†Ã‚  The New York Times, 18 Feb. 2017Prager, Joshua. â€Å"Tracing the Life of Norma McCorvey, ‘Jane Roe’ of Roe v. Wade, and Why Shed Favor an Abortion Ban.†Ã‚  The Hive, Vanity Fair, 30 Jan. 2015.